Ever since my early teenage years
the RUC Special Branch represented something sinister.
When the Ardoyne IRA shot dead a Special Branch inspector,
Cecil Patterson, in February 1971, many nationalist
adults were quick to commend the organisation in a
way they had refrained from doing when two members
of the RUC had been killed in a booby-trap bomb in
Crossmaglen the previous September. Listening to them,
I formed the view that something malevolent which
had preyed on the nationalist community had been neutralised.
At 13 it never crossed my mind that it was anything
other than proper to attack and kill the police. It
seemed a natural redress, repaying in kind that which
the police had been inflicting on nationalists since
August 1969. An attitude reinforced when lurid tales
of torture began to seep out of Palace Barracks and
through the warrens of Belfast streets in the wake
of internments introduction in August 1971.
From
that point on, the name Harry Taylor buzzed round
nationalist Belfast. When we talked about him, in
the way that those fresh into teenage life do, it
was with trepidation. He replaced the mummy that supposedly
roamed a house in Donegall Pass, as the new demonic
figure, satisfying some existential need to experience
the excitement of a fright. 'He pulls your teeth out
with pliers', or 'there are chopped-off fingers thrown
into your cell' were the constants in the torture
typologies we constructed to detail the activity we
believed Harry Taylor to be involved in. That few
detainees seemed to emerge from interrogation centres
minus teeth, and certainly none without their fingers,
served not in the least to dampen our enthusiasm for
tales from the crypt.
When
I eventually met the man who introduced himself as
'Harry Taylor, Special Branch' in 1974 and again in
1976, I felt proud but not surprised to have passed
the test. To fail was not an option. Twice he asked
me to disclose the whereabouts of IRA weaponry which
he promised to move discretely with no suspicion falling
on me. Twice I sneeringly told him to clear off. The
gallows seemed a better option in my worldview. On
each occasion I went to prison. I often wondered over
the years how many others he had approached with a
similar offer and met with success. Quite a few, it
seems, if press reports on the extent to which the
IRA was penetrated are true.
Throughout
the course of the IRA's war against an ever-widening
array of 'legitimate targets', success against the
Special Branch was considered a considerable bonus.
When two of its officers died in the Liverpool Bar
in Belfast docklands in 1987, the republican wings
in the H-Blocks were flush with a sense of the triumphal.
It was felt that the IRA could hit the RUC where it
really hurt. The animosity within our ranks towards
the 'Branch' was rooted in the role it played in monitoring
our organisation's activities. Behind every RUC success,
it was believed, lay the hidden hand of Special Branch.
Moreover, the reputation it had developed for ill
treatment of suspects in Palace Barracks in the 1970s
and the role it had played in the shoot to kill operations
of the 1980s, helped keep it centre stage in republicanism's
rogues' gallery of hate figures.
In
spite of all this, it was with a complete absence
of trepidation that I made my way to meet Bill Lowry
the former head of Special Branch in Belfast. The
week previous at the Belfast launch of Dean Godson's
biography of David Trimble, Blanket editor,
Carrie Twomey, had asked him would he agree to an
interview. He gave his assent on the spot. While I
could never be persuaded that the Special Branch has
nothing to hide, this struck me as the action of a
man with little to fear. As I travelled to our agreed
destination, the thought crossed my mind that going
to meet someone who had strong Special Branch associations
was a first for me. Meeting a republican was hardly
novel to him. I wondered how many of my supposed comrades
had set out with treachery in their hearts, if they
ever experienced pangs of conscience over what they
were doing to their fellow volunteers, what perverse
satisfaction they derive today from holding down key
positions in the organisation they betrayed, issuing
directives to those they had frustrated at every turn.
I
had no illusions that my exchange with Bill Lowry
might enlighten me on such matters. After I had finished
talking with him for two hours over endless cups of
coffee, I knew had I pliers in my hand rather than
a pen, I would have learned no more from him than
I did. Whatever conclusions one may arrive at in relation
to Bill Lowry, that he would endanger a source is
certainly not one of them. Even when I raised the
matter of Freddie Scappaticci, who few now even bother
pretending was not a British agent, the former Chief
Superintendent remained impassive. Not as much as
a facial flicker thrown my way as a morsel over which
I could mull.
Why
did I decide to meet Bill Lowry? It certainly was
not to hold his feet to the fire on behalf of the
republican constituency as some sort of self-appointed
witch finder general, or would-be slayer of securocrat
dragons. There was no sense of a sacred mission aimed
at getting to that particular truth which we had already
ordained as having pre-existed and which only required
a vigorous inquisitor to unlock it from the evil soul
of RUC Special Branch. I certainly did not expect
to convert him nor witness him beat his breast in
atonement for whatever sins republicanism deemed him
guilty of. There were many questions I intended to
ask him and criticisms I would certainly air. I also
wanted to tease out what he really thought of republicans
outside of the constraints of officialdom. But the
overriding motive was an intellectual promiscuity,
a driving need to flirt with viewpoints wholly at
odds with my own, interrogate them for myself and
make the findings available to the wider public, rather
than have them presented to me by others packaged
up as some immutable verity. Remaining faithful to
the tenets of one perspective gives a person a nuns
eye view of the world. Much better that we be unashamedly
adulterous in our relationship with the line.
When
we sat down for coffee there was no uneasiness. I
had already pondered the possibility that in spite
of himself the police instinct might kick in and he
would subtly probe and push, hoping to exploit my
curiosity. I remained unconcerned. I was hardly about
to accept his coffee, give him my name and address,
tell him I was over 21 and sit muttering SS
RUC throughout the remainder of our encounter,
fearful that I might give something away. It was a
nonchalance that proved justified. He showed not the
slightest inclination towards picking my brain for
illicit nuggets. No shifty eyes, or vacant expression
as his mind drifted elsewhere pondering a means to
prise open any defences. He simply behaved as an interviewee,
fielding whatever I lobbed at him.
Bill
Lowrys post-policing life has led him to work
as a consultant on intelligence-led-policing. Policing
is so expensive today that intelligence is the only
way to keep the cost down. His rule of thumb
was prevention rather than detection. Intelligence
gathering is primarily pre-emptive. Although he stressed
that it was only in the latter third of his police
career that he became involved in the intelligence
war when he joined RUC Special Branch. The Chinook
helicopter crash in June 1994 deprived the British
states intelligence community of many of its
leaders as well as its most experienced operatives.
Bill Lowry, for six years prior to the crash was Chief
Inspector at Woodbourne Station on West Belfasts
Stewartstown Road. It was what he described as the
happiest days of his lengthy police career. The
people there were crying out for policing. Perhaps,
but not the aggressive paramilitary style approach
offered through the Divisional Mobile Support Units
or continuous attempts to recruit the £10 tout?
He
explained that the type of policing adopted in West
Belfast was in response to a challenge rather than
the result of a choice.
My
first task was to keep police officers alive. The
more I sought to police the more the Provos prevented
me. Their presence heightened the need for information
which is the lifeblood of any police service, and
obtaining it from what you describe as £10
touts was one way of increasing the information
flow. If you think this happened only with the RUC,
you would be very wrong. Every police force in the
world uses it. What may be needed is a tougher look
at the conditions under which it is legally permissible
to trawl for information. At the same time I tried
to remove the military dimension to policing. The
army inhibited good policing. I pulled them off
the streets in Lenadoon on one occasion after the
shooting of a joy rider as their presence was aggravating
the situation.
Yet,
despite the official government line that the police
should not meet Sinn Fein delegations and Sinn Feins
line that it would have no contact with the RUC, Bill
Lowry merely laughs and claims to have met with party
representatives on numerous occasions. You have
to remember that these people were very efficient
public representatives and often to carry out that
representation, they had to deal with the police.
I
queried him why he joined the RUC. He told me that
he had initially worked as a motor mechanic but had
switched to policing at the age of 25 out of a sense
of service to the community. I look on policing
more as social work than prosecuting crime.
Possibly detecting my frown, he said never in
my life have I sat down and planned to have somebody
killed. I have always sought to protect life. You
may not be able to say the same. It was said
without the slightest trace of enmity. And I wasnt
even going to consider spoofing that I had went through
my life without planning to kill people. It temporarily
threw me but before I could respond he went on to
elucidate his point. He hailed from a Protestant working
class background, had robust socialist inclinations,
and felt a sense of affinity with the cause of those
involved in both Paris of 1968 and the black struggle
for civil rights in the US.
Rights
for Parisians or the citizens of Louisiana, fair enough,
but what about our own cities?
Catholics
had every right to demand social change in Ulster.
Working class Protestants stood to gain from any
improvement in social conditions. They were no better
off than their Catholic neighbours. And the potential
for change that had its origins in the talks between
ONeill and Lemass was powerful. But republicans
came in and demanded a united Ireland rather than
social change. And after all those years of terrorism,
they are back to where it all began seeking
social change within Northern Ireland. What was
it all for? They killed sixty per cent of those
who died. Their young men and women gave their lives
for a 32 county socialist republic. Can anybody
seriously claim that there is anything socialist
about republicans today? Even in terms of a united
Ireland the Provos campaign hindered it. Without
their terrorism we would be living in a very different
Ireland today. Not united, but much more harmonious
than exists now.
While
considering my response, I asked him if he accepted
that there was discrimination against Catholics.
Absolutely.
Bill
Lowry was lining up to be a very interesting and challenging
interviewee.
Part
Two: Out From the Shadows
Part Three: Political Policing
Index: Current Articles + Latest News and Views + Book Reviews +
Letters + Archives
|